The Keffiyeh: History, Patterns and What They Mean
Black and white, patterned and instantly recognisable, the keffiyeh is one of the most powerful symbols of Palestine. You will see it at marches in London, around the shoulders of students and in family photos across the Palestinian diaspora. But where does it come from, and what do its patterns mean?
From farmers' headscarf to national symbol
The keffiyeh began as a practical headscarf worn by farmers and villagers across the region to protect against sun, dust and cold. During the Arab revolt of 1936 to 1939 against British rule, it took on a new role. Rebels wore it to hide their faces, and when the authorities tried to single out anyone wearing one, people in towns began wearing it too, so that no one could be picked out. From then on it became a sign of Palestinian unity.
What the patterns mean
The classic Palestinian keffiyeh is black and white, and its three main patterns are often read like this. The fishnet pattern is linked to the sea and Palestinian fishermen. The bold lines along the edge are said to stand for trade routes. The curved leaf pattern represents olive trees, a symbol of the land and of steadfastness. These readings are part of popular tradition rather than a fixed rulebook, but they are widely shared.
Arafat, the world and fashion
Yasser Arafat wore the keffiyeh folded in the shape of historic Palestine, which made it known around the world. Later it became a fashion item too, sometimes stripped of its meaning. Many Palestinians ask that it is worn with respect for where it comes from.
The last Palestinian keffiyeh factory
Since 1961 the Hirbawi family has woven keffiyehs in Hebron. As cheaper imports flooded the market, it became known as the last Palestinian keffiyeh factory, and buying from it is seen as a way to support Palestinian craft directly.
Alongside a keffiyeh, many people pair it with a design that carries the same message. Our Palestine Flag and Palestine Hope pieces are made for exactly that.
FAQ
+What does the keffiyeh symbolise?
The keffiyeh is a symbol of Palestinian identity, unity and resistance. It became a national symbol during the 1936 to 1939 revolt against British rule.
+What do the patterns on a keffiyeh mean?
In popular tradition, the fishnet pattern stands for the sea and fishermen, the bold lines for trade routes and the leaf pattern for olive trees.
+Where are Palestinian keffiyehs made?
The Hirbawi factory in Hebron has woven keffiyehs since 1961 and is known as the last Palestinian keffiyeh factory.
+Can anyone wear a keffiyeh?
Many Palestinians welcome supporters wearing it as a sign of solidarity, and ask that it is worn with respect for its history.
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Keep exploring: Shop our Best Sellers · Read next: The Keffiyeh Pattern Explained: History, Meaning and How to Wear It
